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"Tribalism Too Great For Democracy?"
Tribal gangs clash in Kenyan city
Annan denounces 'gross' Kenyan rights abuse; dozens killed
 Kate Holt / EPA A woman surveys what remains of her home as ethnic violence continues throughout Kenya in the wake of the contested election. |
NAKURU, Kenya - Gunfire erupted Saturday and young men vowed revenge as the death toll from two days of bloodshed in western Kenya's main town reached at least 25 — including 16 charred bodies unloaded at the morgue from the back of a truck.
Nakuru, Kenya's fourth-largest city, is suffering the latest explosion of fury over Kenya's deeply flawed presidential election. Riots and ethnic fighting following the Dec. 27 vote have killed more than 700 people nationwide and forced 255,000 from their homes.
"We are planning revenge, we are searching for weapons," said 23-year-old Njenga, who was among hundreds taking shelter at a Catholic church after their homes were torched. He gave only his first name for fear of reprisals.
"Now it will be the survival of the fittest," he said.
Much of the recent fighting has degenerated into riots pitting ethnic groups who support the opposition against President Mwai Kibaki's Kikuyu tribe, long dominant in Kenyan politics and the economy. Opposition leader Raila Odinga accuses Kibaki of stealing the election, and local and foreign observers have said the vote tally was rigged.
Annan denounces right abuses
Former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan denounced "gross and systematic" human rights abuses in Kenya on Saturday.
As Annan spoke, police in western Kenya struggled to quell fighting that has undermined hopes he can mediate an end to the crisis over the disputed election.
The turmoil has shattered the east African nation's image of stability, raised doubts over the future of one of the continent's most promising economies and exposed the bitter ethnic animosities beneath Kenya's politics.
"It may have been triggered by the electoral result, but it has evolved into something else where there is gross and systematic abuse of the rights of citizens," said Annan after a visit to the Rift Valley, scene of some of the worst violence.
"It is essential the facts be established and those responsible be held to account," the Nobel Peace laureate told reporters.
Fierce battles break out
Street fights erupted in a western Kenyan city Friday, leaving bodies lying on the ground slashed by machetes and pierced with arrows, witnesses said.
At least 12 people were killed and hundreds of homes were burned down in the latest explosion of fury over a deeply flawed presidential election.
The western Rift Valley has seen some of the worst of the post-election violence but its capital, Nakuru, had been largely untouched even as politicians in Nairobi, under international pressure to find a way to share power, remained far apart on the key question of who won the Dec. 27 vote.
Soldiers patrolled the streets and military helicopters buzzed overhead in Nakuru, a city of 300,000 people that had until now been spared the political violence.
"I'm just happy because I'm alive," said Mary Kimani, 42, who joined hundreds of others in a Catholic church as homes outside were reduced to smoldering rubble. "I'm badly shaken and I don't know where to go."
Witnesses reported seeing at least 12 corpses in Nakuru.
Violence follows ethnic lines
Riots and ethnic fighting following President Mwai Kibaki's disputed re-election have killed at least 685 people and forced 255,000 from their homes, with violence convulsing the capital, the coast and the western highlands.
Much of the fighting has pitted ethnic groups who support opposition leader Raila Odinga against Kibaki's Kikuyu people, who are resented for their long-running domination of politics and the economy.
The trouble in Nakuru, the provincial capital of the Rift Valley, began late Thursday when people heard Kibaki was insisting he was Kenya's "duly elected president," said Pastor Richard Nato of the African Faith Gospel Church
"Raila is our president. Kikuyus go out of Rift Valley," some armed men yelled. Then they whooped frightening war cries.
Sospeter Njenga, a bishop at the Pentecostal Christian Church, said he saw eight corpses in the town.
"I ran home and got my official gown and collar," Njenga said. "When you wear this, they cannot attack you. I have been here 27 years, and I have never seen anything like this."
Outside his church, he said Kikuyu men would be posted Friday night to protect the women and children taking refuge inside.
"We mobilized our young men," the bishop said. "Unfortunately we have no weapons."
Dusk-to-dawn curfew
A dusk-to-dawn curfew was imposed in the town, Abdi Shakur of the Kenya Red Cross Society confirmed.
One battle in the west of Nakuru left a dozen people lying in the street, some with deep cuts to their heads, others with arrows lodged in their chests and backs, according to a local newspaper reporter who saw the fighting. It was not clear whether the victims were dead or injured.
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Violence persists in Kenya A Kenyan city tense with ethnic rivalries is set into turmoil, the latest fighting set off by the disputed presidential election. |
Police tried to talk to the aggressors, then fired in the air to halt the fighting.
A second local newspaper reporter said she saw two people killed Friday morning — a man carrying beans to the market who was stoned to death at the main bus station, and a man stabbed near the town's well-known Okilgei bar, which was looted.
She also said she saw at least two other bodies in a police truck at Nakuru's Kaptembwa slum — one person who had been hacked to death and the other struck by an arrow in fighting overnight.
Scores of people streamed from the slum, some balancing bundles of belongings on their heads, walking in the direction of the city center where more clashes were erupting.
In Nakuru's industrial area, plumes of smoke and flames burst from a two-story veterinary supply store. A gas station in the area was also on fire.
Soldiers and police looked on, helpless. The city's only fire engine was set ablaze earlier in the day.
'Bodies and injuries are coming in'
The medical superintendent at Nakuru Hospital, George Mugenya, said it was too early to give a death toll.
"The dead bodies and injuries are coming in. I cannot give you a figure now."
On Thursday, Kibaki and Odinga held talks for the first time since the election, with former U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan as mediator. Immediately afterwards, Kibaki made clear his position as president was not negotiable.
International allies have been urging a power-sharing agreement that might create a new position of prime minister for Odinga. But in an interview Friday with National Public Radio, Odinga said he had ruled out that option, insisting Kibaki must either step down or allow new elections.
"Presidential elections ... will settle this issue once and for all," Odinga said. "Kenya is aflame, and there'll be no peace in Kenya until this matter is settled satisfactorily."
He also denied allegations by New York-based Human Rights Watch that opposition party leaders were organizing ethnic attacks in the Rift Valley.
"What we have seen countrywide has been a spontaneous reaction of the people to the rigging of the elections," he said.
Obama urges compromise
Democratic presidential hopeful Barack Obama, the Illinois senator whose father was Kenyan, urged both sides to compromise.
"President Kibaki must permit the opposition meaningful participation in the government," Obama said in a statement. And Odinga "must seek a peaceful resolution and reject violent protest and disorder."
On Friday, the opposition said Kibaki should not be allowed to send a delegation to an African Union summit planned next week in neighboring Ethiopia because "Kibaki's government is not the legitimate government."
But Vice President Kalonzo Musyoka rejected that argument.
"The matter of the legitimacy of the government is not in doubt whatsoever."
Elsewhere in the Rift Valley overnight, half the town of Total Station was burned down and at least two people were killed and 50 wounded by clubs and machetes, the secretary-general of the Kenya Red Cross Society, Abbas Gullet, said Friday.
Aid workers said that violence involved Kikuyus and Kalenjin.
Thousands reportedly flee violence
Gullet showed film of people fleeing for safety to a mosque and police station with columns of flames and black smoke rising in the background.
Gullet said up to 50,000 people had fled their homes in recent days in other Rift Valley clashes around Molo, 100 miles northwest of Nairobi.
The police commander there, Achesa Litabalia, said Kikuyus attacked Kalenjins near Molo overnight and three of the attackers were killed.
His and Gullet's accounts indicated that Kikuyus previously attacked by Kalenjin are seeking revenge.
But a Kikuyu man in Nakuru, who gave only his first name, David, said police were preventing his tribe from taking revenge.
"Tell the police of Kenya to leave us to fight these people," he said. "We will defeat them and the war will end."
URL: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/22842413/
Kenya
Politics
Politics of Kenya takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Kenya is both head of state and head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Since independence, Kenya has maintained remarkable stability despite changes in its political system and crises in neighbouring countries. A cross-party parliamentary reform initiative in the fall of 1997 revised some oppressive laws inherited from the colonial era that had been used to limit freedom of speech and assembly. This improved public freedoms and contributed to generally credible national elections in December 1997.
In December 2002, Kenyans held democratic and open elections, most of which were judged free and fair by international observers. The 2002 elections marked an important turning point in Kenya’s democratic evolution in that power was transferred peacefully from the Kenya African Union (KANU), which had ruled the country since independence to the National Rainbow Coalition (Narc), a coalition of political parties.
Under the presidency of Mwai Kibaki, the new ruling coalition promised to focus its efforts on generating economic growth, combating corruption, improving education, and rewriting its constitution. A few of these promises have been met. There is free primary education. From next year, secondary education will be almost free, with the government footing all tuition fees. Under president Kibaki, the democratic space has expanded. The media is freer than before. Kenyans can associate and express themselves without fearing being harassed by security agents as it used to be the case during the Moi administration. In November 2005, the Kenyan electorate resoundingly defeated a new draft constitution supported by Parliament and President Kibaki. Kibaki responded by dismissing his entire cabinet. Kibaki eventually appointed a new slate of ministers.
The last general elections were held on December 27, 2007. In them, President Kibaki under the Party of National Unity ran for re-election against the main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). After a split which would take a crucial 8% of the votes away from the ODM to the newly formed Orange Democratic Movement-Kenya (ODM-K)'s candidate, Kalonzo Musyoka, the race tightened between ODM candidate Raila Odinga and Kibaki. As the count came in to the Kenyan Election Commission, Odinga was shown to have a slight, and then substantial lead. However, as the ECK Electoral Commission of Kenya continued to count the votes, Kibaki closed the gap and then overtook his opponent by a substantial margin amid largely substantiated claims of rigging (notably by the EU Observers). This led to protests and riots, open discrediting of the ECK for complicity and to Odinga declaring himself the "people's president" and calling for a recount and Kibaki to resign. More information is available in clashes in Kenya (2007–present).
Kenya is a country of great ethnic diversity.
- Ethnic groups
- Kikuyu 23%, Luhya 14%, Luo 13%, Kalenjin 11%, Kamba 10%, Kisii 6%, Meru 5%, Maasai 1.8%, Turkana 1.5%, Embu 1.2%, other African (including Somali, Taita, Swahili, Samburu, Pokomo, Giriama, Rabai, Duruma, Chonyi, Digo, Kauma, Orma, Oromo Wasanye, Wanyoyaya, Borana, Rendille, El Moran, Malakote, Teso, Gabra, Ndorobo) 15%, non-African (Asian/Desi, Anglo-African/European, and Arab) 1%.
- Religious affiliation
- Protestant and Quaker 45%, Roman Catholic 25%, Islam 10%, Traditional Religions 10%. Others include Hinduism, Sikhism,Jainism and the Bahá'í Faith.